The Natural State Of Man - 910 Words

The natural state of man has been a reoccurring theme when reviewing the history of political philosophy and theory. This study has helped societies develop laws and common goals. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) theory is still strikingly relevant in today’s law and order. His main concern was how people lived: how to avoid war since people lived in defensive fear. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) challenged Hobbes’s philosophy. He says, â€Å"The passage from the state of nature to the civil state produces a very remarkable change in man, by substituting justice for instinct in his conduct.† In other words, he thought that men were good by nature and when exposed to society they are corrupted. Although both philosophers study the course of society, they have very divergent views. This paper will examine both theories of the social contract. Thus, I will later conclude why Hobbes has a more feasible hypothesis. In Leviathan chapter 12, Hobbes describes society and the state of nature as such; No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death: and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. People are encouraged to act freely, but with precautions as they may pose a threat to others’ survival. As stated above, humankind is constantly threatened since we naturally have a built in defensive mechanism. He says, â€Å"†¦the passions that incline men to peace are: fear of death; desire of such things as are necessary toShow MoreRelatedThe Natural State Of Man2222 Words   |  9 Pagesargues that man has both moral and immoral qualities, but will lean towards his own self-interests when all things are equal—This leads to man being unpredictable. Pizan argues that as humans we are vulnerable within a society, and that there needs to be justice and the rule of law within society—This sense of vulnerabili ty she discovers in herself led to this conclusion. Both Hobbes and Machiavelli showcase similar arguments about the natural state of man and how inherently evil man is in the absenceRead MoreHobbes And The Natural State Of Man1617 Words   |  7 Pagesview of human nature and his theology. From this pessimistic view of the natural state of man, Hobbes derives a social contract in order to avoid civil war and violence among men. Hobbes views his work as laying out the moral framework for a stable state. In reality, Hobbes was misconstruing a social contract that greatly benefited the state based on a misunderstanding of civil society and the nature and morality of man. In order to analyze Hobbes’s work of moral and political philosophy, oneRead MoreLocke And Rousseau s Natural State Of Nature1252 Words   |  6 PagesBoth Locke and Rousseau describe the natural state of man as being innately free, although their opinions on freedom differ. In Second Treatise of Government, Locke depicts man as being naturally free because he believes that, in nature, we are able to do as we please and every person is equal. Rousseau describes the natural man as being free from the corruption and desires that society forces onto man. Locke and Rousseau agree that the best state is the freest, and that the purpose of a social contractRead MoreJean-Jacques Rousseau and The Essence of Human Nature Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesRousseau starts his discourse with the quote, â€Å"What is natural has to be investigated not in beings that are depraved, but in those that are good according to nature† (Aristotle. Politics. II). It is this idea that Rousseau uses to define his second discourse. Rousseau begins his story of human nature by â€Å"setting aside all the facts† (132). Rousseau believes the facts of the natural state of humanity are not necessary to determine the natural essence of human nature, and adding facts based on man’sRead MoreComparison Of Cannibals And The Tempest1512 Words   |  7 Pagesshow, when man is left alone in a natural state, humans grow to perfection, compared to the state of a civilized man whom is corrupt and alters human nature to an animalistic form. The tempest portrays human beings in a civilized state, whom the characters do inhuman acts for material gain and Micheal de Montaigne’s â€Å" of Cannibals† represent man in a natural state whom when left untouched grows to an paragon society. Yet, which is better? a man in a natural state or a man in a civilized state. ThroughRead MoreCompare and Contrast John Locke and Thomas Hobbes1028 Words   |  5 PagesMan: The Social Animal Brian Greaney Political Science 230 Prof. T. Mullins April 18, 2011 John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were two main political philosophers during the seventeenth century. Hobbes is largely known for his writing of the â€Å"Leviathan†, and Locke for authoring An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Included in their essays, both men discuss the purpose and structure of government, natural law, and the characteristics of man in and out of the state of nature. The two mensRead MoreRousseau’s Natural Man Favors his Sustenance Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau’s natural man is a creature characterized by self-pity and self-preservation. Rousseau speaks towards his natural man’s kind and virtuous being, but also makes mention of his need for survival. While Rousseau expresses a clear and firm sensitivity toward animals in his text, in his Second Discourse he does not make a solid case for vegetarianism. Rousseau begins his discourse through a conceit regarding the difficulty of reconstructing the primitive man faultlessly. Much likeRead MoreEssay on The Natural Ways of Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau1207 Words   |  5 Pagesseventeenth and eighteenth century, that John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduce their varying opinions surrounding man in nature. The western philosophers mainly concern themselves with the concept of the social contract. Rousseau, Hobbes, and Locke begin with the conception of the individual, because in the natural state, they all believe that man is an independent character. Each of the philosophers used their revolutionary concepts to challenge power, yet their arguments differRead MoreJohn Locke : The Limitations Of Government And The Natural State1475 Words   |  6 Pages John Locke: The Limitations of Government and the Natural State Brandon Lee 10/31/17 Outline Submit for: Political Theory (Govt 251) Fall 2017 Professor Lindskog I. John Locke had been influential in the American governmental system. His ideas outlined in the Second Treatise on Government, dramatically influenced the America revolution and the formation of the United States Declaration of Independence. Modern democracy can thank Locke for his ideas on equal rights, separationRead MoreEssay on Rousseaus Philosophy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1262 Words   |  6 PagesIn Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, the titular character states that If [mans] impulses were confined to hunger, thirst and desire, [he] might nearly be free (Shelley, 97). With this assertion, Victor imparts his belief that man is most content in the state of nature; a state where only his most primal needs must be fulfilled in order to be satisfied. Man in his natural state is the central topic in Jean-Jacques Rousseaus philosophic essay A Discourse on Inequality, an academic work that had tremendous

The Time Of My Father Essay - 1491 Words

The time in which I was born was very different than the one my parents had to live in when they were children. I was born in a small town in Colombia, where no more than a hundred families lived. The entire population of my hometown was Catholic. There was a small chapel next to my house and the priest went there once a month to celebrate Mass. He and the seminarians stayed at our home, when they went for the Holy Week and Christmas missions. On Saturdays, my brother and I went to a town an hour away afoot or 20 minutes on a horse, to have further studies. Ninety percent of that town’s population were Pentecostal and only 10 % were Catholic. There was a big Pentecostal Church in the middle of the town and a small Catholic church outside the village. My brother and I went to study there on Saturdays because the Pentecostals offered to us a couple of American godparents who sent us gifts twice a year from the US. Nonetheless, to get those gifts we had to attend school on Saturd ays, take pictures with the gifts in our hands, and attend the Pentecostal service once a year. During that service, my brother and I laughed the whole time at the people dancing in the church. My aunt, the only Pentecostal member of a family of twelve siblings, got embarrassed for our behavior every time we attended the service. It was very interesting to grow up in a country where almost all the population were Christians and, at least at that time, 92 percent of the 45 million Colombians reportedShow MoreRelatedMy Father Was The First Time I Broke The Rules1265 Words   |  6 Pages The last time I saw my father was the first time I broke the rules. Although I was almost 16 years old, I never dared to disobey my dad’s strict laws he had laid down once my mother disappeared. I never slept at a friend’s house, never attended a party, and always brought nutritious lunches to school; however, good girls can’t be good forever. I had been devising my plans for wee ks and finally felt ready to escape the bubble my dad trapped me in. Now that I think about it, I might’ve needed to runRead MoreAnalysis Of My Fathers Song818 Words   |  4 PagesThe poems â€Å"My Father’s Song† by Simon J. Ortiz and â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke, these two poems express uniqueness and similarities. In the poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† a young child describes his time spent with his father. In the poem â€Å"My Father’s Song† a grown man remembers the previous memories of time spent with his father, when he was a child. These two poems coincide through tone, word choice, and figurative language to show the relationship between a father and son. The boy portraysRead MoreMy Father Is My Real Hero859 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The father-children relationship is considered one of the sacred and vital relationships in the family lives. In fact, the role played by the fathers in our daily lives is quite significant. Indeed, an excellent father teaches the children to face the challenges of daily lives successfully and tries wholeheartedly to meet the requirements of the family in a excellent way. I consider my father as my real hero since he is a special person in my life. In fact, he is quite affectionate,Read MoreMy Father925 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿My Father In my family, the person who I admire is my father. He is over 40 years old, not very tall but has got a medium built, his voice is low and his movements are slow and cautious. In a word, he is a good--looking person in my eyes. My father is a very successful businessman, and he always tells me the way to be a man, how to succeed in my life and how to cherish time. He is always gone through a lot of ups and downs in his life, but my father faced the difficulties with great courageRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Antigone1533 Words   |  7 Pageshis father or with Antigone, his forbidden wife. Haemon initially chooses his father due to his belief in honoring the gods; however, because he does not have any true loyalty to his father, in the end he chooses Antigone. Creon’s relationship with his son Haemon illustrates the Greek tradition of loyalty aligning with honor. Dishonoring the gods, your family, or your state can end in a curse or death. Sophistocles illustrates the dichotomy of a father and son’s relationship during this time periodRead MoreWhy I Should Go Home Now1257 Words   |  6 Pagesfamily honour. See my father was once an excellent warrior but after being injured in a war he has not fought since. My Mother always said, â€Å"Don’t worry about your father. Focus on marriage.† I never think I will ever be ready for marriage, I’m always told that I m clumsy. It was that time again where they see if i m ready for marriage. That morning my mother and I were looking for my special kimono. It was no where in the house. It came down to 10 minutes. Yet I still couldn’t find my kimono. SinceRead MoreRomans 14 : 8 For If We Live818 Words   |  4 Pagesspeak to my father, while he on his hospital bed and I insisting on him to eat. My father had earlier reported to me that he had no appetite to eat. I was busy explaining to him that food is an essential to healing. My father called my name and said â€Å"Ify Nwam, I am tired. I am tired of everything, and I am tired of fighting.† My father was speaking in a very soft voice. I promised my father to hang in there that I will come to visit him soon, but little did I know that he was asking for my permissionRead MoreA line has been drawn between the teachings of our fathers and their hard work to support the1100 Words   |  5 Pagesline has been drawn between the teachings of our fathers and their hard work to support the family. Children need to understand the importance of fathers and what they can learn from watching their fathers’ dedication to support the family. A good father puts his family first over his desires. Moral fathers provide what is best for their children no matter the consequences. Not all fathers are virtuous, but most are great fathers. Furthermost fathers provide their children a possibility to dream bigRead MoreMy View Of Arranged Marriage969 Words   |  4 Pages My life has always been full of expectations, whether they are minuscule or immense my parents know that there expectations will be met without any hesitation because I was raised to obey and respect my parents using them essentially as guides to live my life in a positive way averting stress and negativity. In my culture most Pakistani parents think children are often subjected to comply with their parents without a question, although times are changing gradually the same beliefs are still beingRead MoreMy Papas Waltz, By Theodore Roethke And Tips From My Father1093 Words   |  5 PagesAn ideal father should be someone who nurtures and lovingly cares for his offspring, and some kids are blessed by this opportunity growing up to spend time with their father, even if their parents are divorced. As the years go by our fathers grow older and we too grow old. We start to reminisce about the nosta lgic times we had when we were young. In the poems â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke, and â€Å"Tips From My Father† by Carol Ann Davis; the authors draw from different life events, in which

Competitive Strategy of Coles and Telstra-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy of Coles and Telstra. Answer: Coles About Coles Coles is one of the leading supermarket chains of Australia The brand has more than 800 supermarkets in Australia and it has been chosen for the assignment because the brand has been awarded as the rising star of the industry because it has contributed in providing great support and services to the customers of Australia (Coles, 2017). It provides new shopping experience to the population of the local areas. The brand is excellent in its field as it is operating from more than a century and has good experience of delivering value to its customers (Bartholomeusz, 2016). It is different from its competitors like Woolworths because it operates in different countries while Woolworths operates only in Australia and New Zealand (Coles, 2017). Strategies, Innovation and Models used by Coles Coles is one of the largest food chains of Australia. The brand has gained huge success because of its improved balance between the buyer power and seller power. They provide affordable products to their customers and have achieved their goals and objectives by building strategies. The brand has developed their strategies by keeping in mind their target market and the requirements of the customers which are need to be fulfilled. The brand has positioned itself differently by focusing on the value and range of goods provided to the customers. The brand adopts the differentiation strategy in the market to acquire more customers and to pursue global markets too. The brand also focuses on its marketing strategies to sustain in the tough competition in the market. The brand focuses on the urban and rural markets and provides unique quality products and services to the customers. The company has a brand name and it uses its good supply chain networks to sustain in the market. Selling value products is the USP of Coles which gives a feeling to the customers that they are buying value and not cheap products (Keupp, Palmi and Gassmann, 2012). Innovation is another factor which helps the company to grow and sustain in the market. The company continuously focuses on its choice of products and services which it provides to the customers. Innovation helps company in increasing the customer value and also in lowering down the costs which in turn brings competitive advantage for the company in the market. The brand is focussing on the future needs of the customers which are why it is concentrating on opening the convenience stores. The business model of the company suggests that it has focussed on how the value can be created for the target customers and what should be provided to them for maximising their satisfaction (Mitchell Coles, 2004). The brand also has adopted the CAGE model in which it has considered culture of the customers to manage the differences of choice of customers between different countries. The political ties and relations are also considered under the Administration. The companies consider the geographical distance and also economic differences in the population. The consideration of these factors can bring success to the business i9n the industry. Coles has always focussed on the customer service and relationships and have made the choices about pricing, services, products, location, etc. which helps it in designing the subtle strategies which helps it in accomplishing its goals of achieving cost benefits and maximising the revenue. It has collaborated with Woolworths to tap the uncovered market. This would help the brand to gain advantages over the competitors (Amit and Zott, 2010). Telstra About Telstra Telstra is the leading mobile services provider and Technology Company in Australia. This company is selected because it is performing excellent in its field. The company is excellent in its field as it has wide network of services and improve continuously in its connections and networks. The company works on the three pillars i.e. to deliver brilliant customer experiences, to drive value and growth and to work on the core business operations. The business has access to over 1000 business specialists where it provides right advice to them (Telstra, 2017). Telstra is better than competitors because they are using right technology which gives them clear market advantage. It serves the largest number of customers in Australia and his makes them the market leader. It gains almost double the revenue of the other companies (Battersby, 2016). Strategies, Innovation and Models used by Telstra The company uses its tactics to build up strategy and to achieve its ultimate goals and objectives. The company choses its market wisely and offer the services which are unique and are not provided by any other competitor. The company works on its specialised services. It focuses on the future networks form where it can build its business well. The company works on long term leadership strategies in the relevant sectors (Telstra Corporation Limited, 2015). Also, it adopts digitisation which is need of the hour. The company also focuses on its culture and capabilities to achieve its vision and to make strategies so that the business can sustain well in the industry competing with the emerging competitors (Bariacto Nunzio, 2014). The company also believes in innovation. Telstra has its own innovation Lab where the innovation and technology co-exist to make changes in the market. It helps the brand to innovate new services and to lower down the cost of providing services to the service users. It helps the company in creating competitive advantage in the industry. This helps company to face the changes in the demands of the service users and to develop its status in the global enterprises (Qehaja, Kutllovci and Pula, 2017). According to Telstra Corporation Limited (2015), the company is transforming technology and creating the opportunities and challenges for the existing businesses of the industry. The company uses Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) approach to operate more in international markets. The leaders of the company try to bring change so that the business could cater the needs and requirements of the customers in the current competitive business environment (Amit and Zott, 2010). The business also adopts the model of CAGE in which the business gets assistance in covering the distance which is automatically created due to the business indifferent countries. Telstra has successfully achieved success in fulfilling the requirements of its customers which belongs to different cultures and is administered differently. The company fulfils different laws and policies which are to be followed while having business in many countries. They are able to fulfil different geographical requirements by providin g the services at distant places and locations. In terms of economic dimensions, the company has been successful because it is serving different customers as per their economic capabilities and differences in infrastructure or knowledge. This framework helps business in choosing where it should invest. The business analyses the attractive locations based on the access to markets, costs of the material and future growth opportunities which helps business in expanding its business operations (Teece, 2010). References Amit, R and Zott, C 2010, Business model innovation: Creating value in times of change. Bariacto, N Nunzio, J D 2014, Market Power in the Australian Food System, Global Food and Water Crises Research Programme. Bartholomeusz, S 2016, Competition catches up with Coles, The Australian. Battersby, L 2016, Telstra's fight to keep mobile network to itself, The Sydney Morning Herald. Coles, 2017, About Us. Retrieved from https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles. Keupp, M M, Palmi, M and Gassmann, O 2012, The strategic management of innovation: A systematic review and paths for future research,International Journal of Management Reviews,14(4), pp.367-390. Mitchell, D W Coles, C B 2004, Business Model Innovation Breakthrough Moves. Qehaja, A B, Kutllovci, E and Pula, J S 2017, Strategic Management Tools and Techniques Usage: a Qualitative Review,Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis,65(2), pp.585-600. Teece, D J 2010, Business models, business strategy and innovation,Long range planning,43(2), pp.172-194. Telstra Corporation Limited, 2015, Strategic growth Investing, Retrieved from https://www.telstra.com.au/content/dam/tcom/personal/ventures/Telstra%20CVC%20paper_FINAL.pdf Telstra, 2017, Our Corporate Strategy , Retrieved from https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company/future/Ourcorporatestrategy.

The simplistic language Essay Example For Students

The simplistic language Essay In Old Man, Old Man the juxtaposition of words like Lord, World authority and connoisseur with words like shamble and ramble emphasize that the old man is retreating from his talents in the adult world to an old frail man who now lives in a contracted world. His old talents have been exaggerated and given titles, like Lord, because they stress the old mans loss of aptitude and capability, and his subsequent failure to cope in the adult world. The reference to time, once, After supper and Now illustrate that this poem is about a transaction of time from what once was to what the man has now become. We will write a custom essay on The simplistic language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The phrase A man who did-it-himself is a pun on do-it-yourself, which highlights that the old man used to be able to do it himself, but now he cant. The use of the word cloud highlights that the old mans sight is failing and that he is diminishing from the capable adult world. It also suggests the frailty of the old man and that he has to rely on his daughter to help him. In Leaving School military sounding words like Inspection and the reference to the game Battleships displays how hard the mature world is and shows that you have to plan and be alert all of the time to survive. This emphasizes the fact that the boy in the poem cannot cope in school and because of that he cannot endure the adult world so he withdraws into himself and shies away from adulthood. The phrase Self-demoted in Old Man, Old Man also has a military sound to it as it resembles being demoted in rank. This phrase illustrates that the old man feels he has failed in the adult world but he doesnt want to be demoted into an incapable, dependent old man. In both poems the characters appear to be high-standard people at the start when they are nearest to the capable adult world. The boy is dressed in a grey flannel suit carrying a suitcase which resembles a businessman going to work in a suit and carrying a brief case. The old man is a connoisseur and is a World authority on glue. Nevertheless, the juxtaposition of these images with the characters incapability to cope in the adult world emphasizes their deterioration from the smart, qualified people they are in the adult world to their second childhood where they are helpless. The type of language in both poems is simplistic and colloquial with words such as jokes, dab hand, bed and leaving. This clearly demonstrates that both the boy and the old man are decreasing in competence. The colloquial feel of the language in the Williams poem indicates it is the boys own account of his time at school and gives it a trustworthy feel to it. The language in the poem is also emotive and evokes compassion and sorrow with words like forgot and phrases like miles away. The language in the Fanthorpe poem is also emotive and evokes pity and sadness as such words as shamble and helpless are used. The poems are made more emotive by the fact that they express a universal feeling of failing to be competent, especially in old age. The use of personal pronouns in Williams poem gives it a childish feel to it, which highlights the boys retreat into his second childhood. Also the colloquial language gives the impression of the poem being comprised of memories and thoughts that stress that the old man is recollecting when he was an able man in the adult world. .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 , .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 .postImageUrl , .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 , .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41:hover , .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41:visited , .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41:active { border:0!important; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41:active , .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41 .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u569e7699e37bb36271f94fc912a94a41:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to Write a Controversial EssayThe simplistic language in both poems show that they arent embellished and show the crossroads of both people from being a capable person to an incapable person. However, the language in Fanthorpes poem is slightly superior to Williams poem as word like recalcitrant, contracted and surliness are used compared to words like fun, bed and game in Leaving School. The use of slightly more complicated language in Old Man, Old Man stresses that the old man is loosing his ability to use sophisticated words, and is retreating form the capable adult world. Both poems contain some repetition which reminds the reader of the sad situation which both the boy and the old man are in. In Leaving School there is repetition of the title leaving school which stresses that the boy wants to leave school because he feels trapped in a setting he is not secure in. In Old Man, Old Man there is repetition the title old man, old man, small and cloud. All of these words underline the insignificance into which the man is falling now he has left the independent world of adulthood. The Fanthorpe poem has no alliteration but the Williams poem has alliteration on s, producing a harsh sound in the phrase started saying which emphasizes that the boy is diminishing into a vulnerable individual, reliant on other people because he cannot face the harsh adult world. Both poems have enjambment throughout, however, the Fanthorpe poem is comprised almost completely of enjambment whereas the Williams poem includes less. The enjambment in the Williams poem is displayed in the lines She had my toothbrush in her hand/and she wanted to know why it was dry. The line Self-demoted in your nineties to washing up/After supper, and missing crusted streaks/Of food on plates; convey the enjambment in the Fanthorpe poem. The enjambment makes the regular looking verses irregular, which illustrate that the old man is confused in his present state of mind and is retreating. The enjambment also conveys the characters retreat from the capable adult world as it shows the steady decrease in the characters capabilities as each point flows on from another. The Fanthorpe poem has some caesuras, which accentuates to the reader that the character is declining away from the capable adult world. This is especially shown in the line And where is Drury Lane? Old man, old man,. The Williams poem does not have many caesuras, but most of the lines are end stopped, like They had the Beacon Series and I forgot how to get undressed, which conveys that the boy is unsure and falters trying to express himself like children usually do. Also, the use of simple conjunctions, like because and and, show that that boy is sticking to what hes knows best and is comfortable with, his childish way of thinking. The use of many conjunctions means that most of the sentences in the poem are very long and are typical of childrens writing, which also illustrates that the boy is retreating back into his second childhood. Leaving School and Old man, old man both have an authoritative female figure to guide the character and nurture for them. In the Williams poem there is a headmistress who keeps reminding the boy to do things and grow up and take responsibility. The headmistress is portrayed as a military figure who suggests to the boy to think of the timetable as a game of Battleships'. Her outward coldness is meant to compel the boy into adulthood but instead he retreats from it. In the Fanthorpe poem however, the daughter is illustrated as a compassionate, motherly figure who supports the old man during his retreat from the capable adult world. She loves his helplessness because it gives her a chance to help him and she asks the old man to Let me find your hammer. Let me walk with you to Drury Lane. , which shows that she cares about him. Both poems contain everyday actions like television, not good with daughters, leaving school and waiting. .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 , .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 .postImageUrl , .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 , .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3:hover , .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3:visited , .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3:active { border:0!important; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3:active , .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3 .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b42bde3ac304fd943ea2f8766cd1cc3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Clockwork Orange: Moral freedom is one of the most if not the most important of any freedoms available to humans EssayThis gives both poems a tragic feeling, which evokes emotion, as everyone feels that they will be like the characters in the poems one day. The last lines of both poems leave you sad and accentuate the failure of the boy and the old man to manage in their new environment. In Williams poem the last line, I was miles away with my suitcase, leaving school. displays a boy who is only physically present but whose mind is where he really wants to be, not trapped in an unfriendly environment. The last line in Fanthorpes poem gives a similar image. I am only a cloud also illustrates a man only there in physical form but whose mind is drifting off somewhere else to what he remembers when he was secure in the adult life. Both lines are open ended, which expresses the feeling of loss and failure in life which make the characters retreat. Overall both poems are similar in conveying the characters retreat from the capable adult world and each are emotive and successful in doing so.

Heros Journey 101 Definition and Step-by-Step Guide (With Checklist!)

Heros Journey 101 Definition and Step-by-Step Guide (With Checklist!) The Hero's Journey: an Author's Guide to Plotting Ever notice that many stories seem to have a similar pattern? There’s always a protagonist who goes on an adventure, makes new friends, encounters roadblocks, fights a bad guy, and returns home a changed person. In fact, we can sum it up for you in two words: Hero’s Journey.This story structure is as old as time. From Theseus and the Minotaur to The Lion King, so many narratives follow this pattern that it’s ingrained in our cultural DNA today. In this post, we'll show you how to make this classic plot structure work for you - and recap it all in a neat infographic. Ready to answer the call of adventure? Let’s cross the barrier.What is the Hero’s Journey archetype?The Hero's Journey is a classic story structure that's shared by stories worldwide. Coined by academic Joseph Campbell in 1949, it refers to a wide-ranging category of tales in which a character ventures out to get what they need, faces conflict, and ultimately triumphs over adversity. Here are the three stages of the hero’s journey:The Departure Act: the Hero leaves the Ordinary World.The Initiation Act: the Hero ventures into unknown territory (the "Special World") and is birthed into a true champion through various trials and challenges.The Return Act: the Hero returns in triumph.In 2007, screenwriter Christopher Vogler refined Campbell’s original structure in his book,  The Writer’s Journey.  In it, Vogler expanded upon Campbell’s three phases, defining 12 stages that make it up. (This is the version that we’ll be dissecting later in this post.) The Hero's Journey has its fingerprints in everything from The Lion King  and horror novels to Star Wars and Arrival. But keep in mind that you don't necessarily need to follow it beat by beat. You can instead think of it as a map: you can stray from the set path whenever you like. But when you’re struggling to figure out what should happen next, it can act as a narrative arc guide to suggest what the next milestone should be. What are the 12 stages of the Hero's Journey? The 12 Hero’s Journey StepsThe Hero's Journey is a model for both plot points and character development: as the Hero traverses the world, they'll undergo inner and outer transformation at each stage of the journey. The 12 steps of the hero's journey are...1. The Ordinary World 2. The Call of Adventure 3. Refusal of the Call 4. Meeting the Mentor 5. Crossing the First Threshold 6. Tests, Allies, Enemies 7. Approach to the Inmost Cave 8. The Ordeal 9. Reward (Seizing the Sword) 10. The Road Back 11. Resurrection 12. Return with the ElixirBelieve it or not, this story structure also applies across mediums and genres (and also works when your protagonist is an anti-hero!). To show you how it can be used outside of your average sword-and-sorcery books, we've adopted the 1976 film  Rocky as an example in each step. 1. Ordinary WorldIn which we meet our Hero.The journey has yet to start. Before our Hero discovers a strange new world, we must first understand the status quo: their ordinary, mundane reality.It’s up to this opening leg to set the stage, introducing the Hero to readers. Importantly, it lets readers identify with the Hero as a â€Å"normal† person in a â€Å"normal† setting, before the journey begins.Example of the Ordinary World: In the opening of Rocky, Rocky Balboa is introduced as a mediocre boxer and loan collector - just doing his best to live day-to-day in a poor part of Philadelphia.2. Call to AdventureIn which an adventure starts.The call to adventure is all about booting the Hero out of their comfort zone. In this stage, they are generally confronted with a problem or challenge they can't ignore. This catalyst can take many forms, as Campbell points out in Hero with a Thousand Faces. The Hero can, for instance:Decide to go forth of their own volition, i.e. Theseus upon arriving in Athens,Be sent abroad by a benign or malignant agent, i.e. Odysseus setting off on his ship in The Odyssey,Stumble upon the adventure as a result of a mere blunder, i.e. Dorothy when she’s swept up in a tornado in The Wizard of Oz,Be casually strolling when some passing phenomenon catches the wandering eye and lures one away from the frequented paths of man, i.e. Elliot in E.T. upon discovering a lost alien in the t ool shed.The stakes of the adventure and the Hero's goals become clear. The only question: will he rise to the challenge?Example of the Call to Adventure: Apollo Creed, the undisputed World Heavyweight Champion, decides to make a big fight interesting by giving a no-name a chance to challenge him. Intrigued by the nickname, â€Å"The Italian Stallion,† he rings Rocky up.3. Refusal of the CallIn which the Hero digs in their feet.Great, so the Hero’s received their summons. Now they’re all set to be whisked off to defeat evil, right?Not so fast. The Hero might first refuse the call to action. It’s risky and there are perils - like spiders, trolls, or perhaps a creepy uncle waiting back at Pride Rock. It’s enough to give anyone pause.In Star Wars, for instance, Luke Skywalker initially refuses to join Obi-Wan on his mission to rescue the princess. It’s only when he discovers that his aunt and uncle have been killed by stormtroopers that he changes his mind.Example of the Refusal of the Call: Rocky says, â€Å"Thanks, but no thanks,† to Creed’s invitation. He’s reluctant, given that he has no trainer and is incredibly out of shape. Follow Rocky as he traverses the Hero's Journey in this post 4. Meeting the MentorIn which the Hero acquires a personal trainer.The Hero's decided to go on the adventure - but they’re not ready to spread their wings yet. They're much too inexperienced at this point and we don't want them to do a fabulous belly-flop off the cliff.Enter the mentor: someone who helps the Hero, so that they doesn't make a total fool of themselves (or get themselves killed). The mentor provides practical training, profound wisdom, a kick up the posterior, or something abstract like grit and self-confidence.Wise old wizards seem to like being mentors. But mentors take many forms, from witches to hermits and suburban karate instructors. They might literally give weapons to prepare for the trials ahead, like Q in the James Bond series. Or perhaps the mentor is an object, such as a map. In all cases, they prepare the Hero for the next step.Example of Meeting the Mentor: In steps former boxer Mickey â€Å"Mighty Mick† Goldmill, who sees potential in Rocky and starts training him physically and mentally for the fight.5. Crossing the First ThresholdIn which the Hero enters the other world in earnest.Now the Hero is ready - and committed - to the journey. This marks the end of the Departure stage and is when the adventure really kicks into the next gear. As Vogler writes: â€Å"This is the moment that the balloon goes up, the ship sails, the romance begins, the wagon gets rolling.†From this point on, there’s no turning back.Like our Hero, you should think of this stage as a checkpoint for your story. Pause and re-assess your bearings before you continue into unfamiliar territory. Have you:Launched the central conflict? If not, here’s a post on types of conflict to help you out.Established the theme of your book? If not, check out this post that’s all about creating theme  and motifs.Made headway into your character development? If not, this character profile template and these character development exercises may be useful.Example of Crossing the First Threshold: Rocky fully accepts the gauntlet to square up when he crosses the threshold into his love interest Adrian’s house and asks her out on a date.6. Tests, Allies, EnemiesIn which the Hero faces new challenges and gets a squad.When we step into the Special World, we notice a definite shift. The Hero might be discombobulated by this unfamiliar reality and its new rules. This is generally one of the longest stages in the story, as our protagonist gets to grips with this new world.This makes a prime hunting ground for the series of tests to pass! Luckily, there are many ways for the Hero to get into trouble:In Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle,  Spencer, Bethany, â€Å"Fridge,† and Martha get off to a bad start when they bump into a herd of bloodthirsty hippos.In his first few months at Hogwarts, Harry Potter manages to fight a troll, almost fall from a broomstick and die, and get horribly lost in the Forbidden Forest.Marlin and Dory encounter three â€Å"reformed† sharks , get shocked by jellyfish, and are swallowed by a blue whale en route to finding Nemo.This stage often expands the cast of characters. Once the protagonist is in the Special World, he will meet allies and enemies - or foes that turn out to be friends, and vice versa. He will learn a new set of rules from them. Saloons and seedy bars are popular places for these transactions, as Vogler points out (so long as the Hero survives them).Example of Tests, Allies, Enemies: Rocky continues to try and win over Adrian while making a dubious friend in Paulie.7. Approach to the Inmost CaveIn which the Hero gets closer to his goal.This isn’t a physical cave. Instead, the â€Å"inmost cave† refers to the most dangerous spot in the other realm - whether that’s the villain’s chambers, the lair of the fearsome dragon, or the Death Star. Almost always, it is where the ultimate goal of the quest is located. Everything you wanted to know about the Hero's Journey - and more! Note that the protagonist hasn’t entered the Inmost Cave just yet. This stage is all about the approach to it. It covers all the prepwork that's needed in order to defeat the villain.Example of the Approach to the Inmost Cave: The Inmost Cave in Rocky is Rocky’s own mind. He fears that he’ll never amount to anything - something that he reveals when he butts heads with his trainer, Mickey, in his apartment.8. OrdealIn which the Hero faces his biggest test of all thus far. Of all the tests the Hero has faced, none have made them hit rock bottom - until now. Vogler describes this phase as a â€Å"black moment.† Campbell refers to it as the â€Å"belly of the whale.† Both indicate some grim news for the Hero.The protagonist must now confront their greatest fear. If they survive it, they will emerge transformed. This is a critical moment in the story, as Vogler explains that it will â€Å"inform every decision that the Hero makes from this point forward.†The Ordeal is sometimes not the climax of the story. There’s more to come. But you can think of it as the main event of the second act - the one in which the Hero actually earns the title of â€Å"Hero.†Example of the Ordeal: The start of the training montage marks the beginning of Rocky’s Ordeal. He pushes through it until he glimpses hope ahead while running up the museum steps.9. Reward (Seizing the Sword)In which the Hero sees light at the end of the tunnel.Our Hero’s been through a lot. However, the fruits of their labor are now at hand - if they can just reach out and grab them! The â€Å"reward† is the object or knowledge the Hero has fought throughout the entire journey to hold.Once the protagonist has it in their possession, it generally has greater ramifications for the story. Vogler offers a few examples of it in action:Luke rescues Princess Leia and captures the plans of the Death Star - keys to defeating Darth Vader.Dorothy escapes from the Wicked Witch’s castle with the broomstick and the ruby slippers - keys to getting back home.Example of the Reward (Seizing the Sword): Rocky’s reward is the return of his faith in himself. He regains the self-esteem to realize that he has the stuff to take on Apollo Creed - win or lose.10. The Road BackIn which the light at the end of the tunnel might be a little further than the Hero thought.The story's not over just yet, as this phase marks the beginning of Act Three. Now that he's seized the reward, the Hero tries to return to the Ordinary World, but more dangers (inconveniently) arise on the road back from the Inmost Cave.More precisely, the Hero must deal with the consequences and aftermath of the previous act: the dragon, enraged by the Hero who’s just stolen a treasure from under his nose, starts the hunt. Or perhaps the opposing army gathers to pursue the Hero across a crowded battlefield. All further obstacles for the Hero, who must face them down before they can return home.Example of the Road Back: On New Year’s Day, the fight between Rocky and Creed is held. Rocky realizes the challenge that lies before him in the first few rounds, in which both men are more or less equally matched.11. ResurrectionIn which the last test is met.Here is the true climax of the story. Everything that happened prior to this stage culminates in a crowning test for the Hero, as the Dark Side gets one last chance to triumph over the Hero.Vogler refers to this as a â€Å"final exam† for the Hero - they must be â€Å"tested once more to see if they have really learned the lessons of the Ordeal.† It’s in this Final Battle that the protagonist goes through one more â€Å"resurrection.† As a result, this is where you’ll get most of your miraculous near-death escapes, la James Bond's dashing deliverances. If the Hero survives, they can start looking forward to a sweet ending.Example of the Resurrection: Rocky’s knocked down more than a few times as the fight continues. The entire fight winds up lasting 15 rounds and takes both men to the brink of exhaustion.12. Return with the ElixirIn which our Hero has a triumphant homecoming.Finally, the Hero gets to return home. However, they go back a different person than when they started out: they’ve grown and matured as a result of the journey they’ve taken.But we’ve got to see them bring home the bacon, right? That’s why the protagonist must return with the â€Å"Elixir,† or the prize won during the journey, whether that’s an object or knowledge and insight gained.Of course, it’s possible for a story to end on an Elixir-less note - but then the Hero would be doomed to repeat the entire adventure.Example of the Return with the Elixir: Rocky doesn’t win the fight - but he doesn’t care. He’s won back his confidence and beaten his mental demons. And he’s got Adrian, who tell him that she loves him.Free Infographic: The Hero’s Journey TemplateThe following infographic can be used as a hero’s journey template. Follow Bilbo along on each of the 12 steps of his journey - as you go through, plot your own character’s journey through the: Ordinary World, Call of Adventure, Refusal of the Call, Meeting the Mentor, Crossing the First Threshold, Tests, Allies, Enemies, Approach to the Inmost Cave, Ordeal, Reward (Seizing the Sword), Road Back, Resurrection, and Return with the Elixir! Looking beyond the Hero’s JourneyIt’s important to remember that this story structure was conceived as a way to better understand story structure. It’s just one helpful way to outline a novel and dissect a plot. For more longstanding theories on the topic, you can go this way to read about the ever-popular Three-Act Structure or here to discover Dan Harmon's Story Circle and  three more prevalent structures. Cool infographic alert! Analyzing the Hero's Journey: As Seen in the Hobbit Remember, rules are made to be broken. There’s plenty of room to play within its confines. Do you want to experiment with an abbreviated â€Å"Resurrection† stage, as J.K. Rowling did in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone? Are you more interested in exploring the journey of an anti-hero? It’s all possible. Once you understand the basics of this universal story structure, you can use and bend it in ways that disrupts reader expectations.Are you planning on using the Hero's Journey in your book? What's your favorite example of this structure? Let us know in the comments below!

EU Environment Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

EU Environment Policy - Essay Example The environmental policy is what the EU seeks to do to protect the physical environment. It is at least necessary to pause to consider what environmental policy consists of and what its boundaries are. Despite what is in many ways its global character, the issues on the environmental agenda differ from one part of the world to another. The policy process is segmented into a number of vertical compartments, but environmental policy is itself in turn highly segmented. Although the EU's environmental action plans represent an attempt to define a set of priorities and policy for the environment as a whole, in effect one has a set of distinct policies related to very specific objectives to the extent that it is difficult to talk of an overall environmental policy. In part, this reflects the extent to which the policy-making process is dependent on the mobilization of scientific expertise. Someone who knows about the dispersal characteristics of an ozone plume from a metropolis may know very little about alternative models of global warming, and will almost certainly know very little about water pollution or toxic contaminants in the soil. There was no reference to environmental policy in the Treaty of Rome of 1957. ... What is sometimes regarded as the EC's first environmental directive was passed in 1967 dealing with standards for classifying, packaging and labeling dangerous substances, but its real focus was on the facilitation of trade. Subsequent legislation built on this framework directive, notably the 6th Amendment of 1979 which provided for the pre-market control of hazardous chemicals. This might more genuinely be regarded as an environmental directive. During initial period of ad hoc, piecemeal expansion in EU environmental policy competence, the Commission proved creative in the use of Article 100, which allowed for the approximation of member state laws which directly affect the establishment or functioning of the common market, and Article 235, which allows for the adoption of Community measures where necessary to attain, in the course of the operation of the common market, one of the objectives of the Community where the Treaty has not provided the necessary powers. This development of environmental competence was given a major impetus at the 1972 Paris Summit when the heads of government called upon the Commission to draw up an environmental policy and set up a directorate responsible for environmental protection. A step had already been taken in this direction with the formation of an Environment and Consumer However, the development of environmental policy was handicapped by the lack of any basis in the treaties. Environmental measures had to rely on the harmonization provisions of Article 100 or the general provisions of Article 235. Environmental policy has moved on from simply tackling evident pollution problems such as those of the Rhine or the North Sea, or ensuring that proper regulations are

How to Swim the Freestyle and Butterfly Strokes Essay

How to Swim the Freestyle and Butterfly Strokes - Essay Example The freestyle is perhaps the simplest and fastest among the three swimming strokes because it simply involves long stretches of the arms and kicks in order to move the swimmer to the intended destination. However, the arms are not simply stretched to the greatest distance they could reach but they actually involve five components which will be discussed as the instructions are explained in detail. So first, you stretch both arms above the head, with the back of your palms facing you. Make sure that your fingers are together and not spread apart because this will help to propel you to the next distance. This position of having your hand stretched is called the ‘reach’. Obviously, the name suggests that you are to reach out your arms in preparation for the next component called the ‘catch’. To do the catch, you twist your hand forward, slightly forming an â€Å"S† as you pull your hand toward your hip. The third component called ‘pull’ happ ens when you exert effort to make the final stroke for the â€Å"S† shape as you pull your hand toward your mid-section. This is followed by the ‘push’ which is the force that will help determine the distance to move forward to. The final component would be the ‘recovery’ which basically brings the arm to the original position. When you are in the water, you will find out that it is actually difficult to start right away with the instructions mentioned above. What you need to do is to stretch your arms.